| Is global
marketing phenomena linear or curvilinear? In a critical evaluation
of international business research, Sullivan (1998) states that there is
a tendency to build consensus through iterative replication or trivial
refinement that precludes genuine shifts in intellectual direction. From
a research methods standpoint, this problem often takes form in a reliance
on linear or analog models that fail to capture critical nuances in construct
relationships.
Linear analysis of inherently nonlinear relationships
often produces illogical and often times misleading results (Edwards 1994;
Sullivan 1998, etc.). Thus, it is not all that surprising that we
often observe conflicting findings in the literature, or that studies that
fail to find a construct relationship previously established in the literature
go unpublished. For example, does firm size always positively influence
internationalization? Researchers indicate that the probability of international
activity increases with firm size (Aaby and Slater, 1989; Ali and Camp,
1993; Erramilli and Rao, 1993; Katsikeas, 1994; Keng and Jiuan, 1989; Samiee
and Walters, 1991). Resource theory is used to explain firm size’s
relationship to internationalization (cf., Aaby and Slater, 1989; Bonaccorsi,
1992). Aaby and Slater (1989) argue that international expansion
requires a great deal of resource commitment by the expanding firm.
They indicate that the larger a firm becomes, the greater its ability to
effectively engage in export activity, and that larger firms are better
suited to absorb the risks associated with internationalization.
However, not all studies have found the positive relationship between firm
size and internationalization. Some studies have found no relationship
between the constructs, or even a negative relationship. Were the
contradictory findings do to poor operationlization of the constructs?
Different operationlizations of the constructs that thus created construct
domain inconsistencies? Or, could these findings be simply the observance
of the curvilinear relationship between firm size and internationalization
at different points along the construct relationship. For example,
as firms become larger their ability to quickly adjust to a hyper-competitive
global marketplace is lessened, thus resulting in lackluster results and
a need to reduce international operations. Is there a point at which firm
size is detrimental to internationalization? While the relationship between
firm size and internationalization is interesting, the research issue posed
is not in relation to the issue of firm size and internationalization.
Rather, the question that persists is whether the linear testing that has
dominated the literature accurately reflects the construct relationships
examined. Through employing curvilinear testing, researchers may be able
identify new nuances to global marketing phenomena.
|